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Anatomical Movements

Anatomical Movements

Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...

Muscles that Move the Arm

Muscles that Move the Arm

Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Post-Stroke Upper Limb Rehabilitation with Robotic Technologies for Improved Motor Recovery and Functional Outcomes

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Post-Stroke Upper Limb Rehabilitation with Robotic Technologies for Improved Motor Recovery and Functional Outcomes

Published on: September 6, 2024

Anthropomorphic Reaching Movement Generating Method for Human-Like Upper Limb Robot.

Chang He, Xiao-Wei Xu, Xiong-Fei Zheng

IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics

|October 18, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a computational framework to generate human-like reaching movements for robots. The method achieves over 90.8% human-likeness, enabling smoother trajectories and natural obstacle avoidance in robotic applications.

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Last Updated: Oct 16, 2025

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Published on: September 6, 2024

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Area of Science:

Robotics
Biomechanics
Computational Neuroscience

Background:

Generating anthropomorphic reaching movements is a significant challenge in service robotics and rehabilitation.
Existing computational models for human upper limb motion are not universally accepted.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a computational framework for generating reaching movements with human-like characteristics.
To imitate the control and realization mechanisms of human upper limb motions.

Main Methods:

Established an experimental paradigm for human upper limb functional movements.
Proposed characterization and clustering methods for human upper limb movement features in joint space.
Developed a method for estimating natural human upper limb postures using sensorimotor models.
Utilized Gaussian mixture regression to create a continuous task parametric model.
Proposed an anthropomorphic motion generation method with smooth trajectories and natural obstacle avoidance.

Main Results:

The proposed method achieved human-likeness degrees greater than 90.8% across four tested tasks.
Generated trajectories exhibited jerk characteristics highly similar to human movements.
Validated the method using a human-like robot.

Conclusions:

The developed computational framework effectively generates anthropomorphic reaching movements.
The method demonstrates high human-likeness and natural motion characteristics.
This approach holds potential for applications in service robots and human motor function rehabilitation.