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Updated: Aug 4, 2026

Creation of Patient-Specific Silicone Cardiac Models with Applications in Pre-surgical Plans and Hands-on Training
Published on: February 10, 2022
The trade-offs in the making of the interventional heart surgeon
1Cardiovascular Surgery Discipline, Escola Paulista de Medicina and São Paulo Hospital, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Abstract:
The current generation of heart surgeons is experiencing growing consternation with the introduction of the so-called disruptive transcatheter procedures, seemingly threatening the stability and even existence of contemporary cardiovascular surgery. We provide a commentary reporting the comparative outcomes of transcatheter therapies and conventional surgery throughout different scenarios and the evolving superiority of the surgical techniques. The upfront conclusion is that surgeons should strive to keep their surgical skills; the downfall of surgery is not anticipated and as revealed, will hold its ground for the foreseeable future.

