Comparing the extraction performance of cyclodextrin-containing supramolecular deep eutectic solvents versus...

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Environmental Chemistry

Background:

• Aromatic organic pollutants pose risks to ecosystems and human health.
• Efficient extraction methods are crucial for their detection and remediation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and compare supramolecular deep eutectic solvents (SUPRADESs) and conventional deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for extracting aromatic organic pollutants.
• To investigate the impact of beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivatives on extraction efficiency.

Main Methods:

• Headspace single drop microextraction (HS-SDME) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
• Evaluation of various β-CD derivatives as hydrogen bond acceptors in SUPRADESs.
• Comparison of SUPRADESs with conventional DESs, including choline chloride:2Urea and tetrabutylammonium chloride:2 lactic acid.

Main Results:

• SUPRADES comprised of 20 wt% native β-CD demonstrated superior enrichment factors compared to other β-CD derivatives.
• Dissolving 20 wt% native β-CD in choline chloride:2Urea DES significantly enhanced analyte extraction efficiency.
• Optimal conditions included a 6.5 μL microdroplet, 1000 rpm stir rate, 30% salt concentration, and 40 °C.
• Tetrabutylammonium chloride:2 lactic acid DES yielded the highest enrichment factors.

Conclusions:

• Native β-CD based SUPRADESs offer enhanced extraction of aromatic organic pollutants.
• The developed HS-SDME method is effective for analyzing pollutants in real water samples with good recovery and precision.