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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
188
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

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A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
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Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
74
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

598
A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
598
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

462
Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
462
Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

463
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
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A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
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[Pulmonary Embolism].

Lukas Hobohm, Mareike Lankeit

    Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany)
    |October 18, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a growing cardiovascular threat. Risk stratification guides treatment, with novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) preferred for anticoagulation, offering improved safety over traditional therapies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Vascular Medicine
    • Internal Medicine

    Background:

    • Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a significant cause of cardiovascular mortality, with increasing incidence rates.
    • Patient risk for PE complications and death escalates with comorbidities and right ventricular dysfunction.
    • Effective risk stratification is crucial for determining appropriate patient management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline the current understanding and management strategies for pulmonary embolism.
    • To emphasize the importance of risk stratification in guiding therapeutic decisions for PE patients.
    • To review the evolving role of anticoagulation therapies in PE management.

    Main Methods:

    • Clinical, laboratory, and imaging parameters are utilized for PE risk stratification into four classes.
    • Therapeutic strategies are tailored based on risk stratification, from out-of-hospital care to reperfusion.
    • Interdisciplinary Pulmonary Embolism Response Teams (PERT) are recommended for hemodynamically unstable patients.

    Main Results:

    • Risk stratification directly influences treatment decisions, including the intensity and setting of care.
    • Non-vitamin K-dependent oral anticoagulants (NOACs) demonstrate comparable efficacy and improved safety over VKAs for anticoagulation.
    • Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are recommended for PE patients with cancer, with Factor Xa-inhibitors showing promise.

    Conclusions:

    • Risk-stratified management optimizes outcomes for pulmonary embolism patients.
    • NOACs are increasingly the preferred anticoagulation choice due to their safety and efficacy profile.
    • Prolonged anticoagulation is essential for preventing venous thromboembolism recurrence, particularly in unprovoked events.