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Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an ABSL-4 Laboratory: 3. Aerobiology

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Rapid Proliferation of Pandemic Research: Implications for Dual-Use Risks.

Sriharshita Musunuri¹, Jonas B Sandbrink^2,3, Joshua Teperowski Monrad^2,4,5

¹Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

|October 19, 2021

Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted biological catastrophe risks. Research, including gain-of-function studies and zoonotic virus characterization, may inadvertently increase future pandemic threats, necessitating proactive dual-use oversight.

Keywords:

COVID-19 biosafety biosecurity dual-use research pandemic preparedness preprints zoonotic risk

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Area of Science:

Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness
Microbiology and Virology
Scientific Ethics and Research Oversight

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic revealed global vulnerability to biological threats.
Unprecedented scientific research during the pandemic has introduced dual-use risks.
These risks involve potential harm from the misuse of beneficial research findings.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and address the largely unaddressed dual-use risks associated with scientific research.
To prevent the inadvertent increase of future biological event threats.
To advocate for a proactive approach to dual-use evaluation in scientific research.

Main Methods:

Analysis of research practices, including gain-of-function studies and reverse genetics.
Evaluation of large-scale collection and characterization of zoonotic viruses.
Assessment of the impact of preprint publishing on dual-use oversight.

Main Results:

Gain-of-function studies and reverse genetics may enable the engineering of dangerous pathogen variants.
Zoonotic virus research may increase the risk of accidental or deliberate pathogen release.
Preprint publishing bypasses critical dual-use oversight opportunities.

Conclusions:

Future global health security requires mitigating dual-use risks in scientific research.
A nuanced and proactive dual-use evaluation is essential throughout the research lifecycle.
Implementing oversight from research conception to dissemination is crucial to prevent future biological catastrophes.