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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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An In Vitro System to Study Tumor Dormancy and the Switch to Metastatic Growth
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An In Vitro System to Study Tumor Dormancy and the Switch to Metastatic Growth

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Dormancy in the Tumor Microenvironment.

Tolu Omokehinde1,2, Rachelle W Johnson3,4,5

  • 1Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|October 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tumor cells can enter a dormant state in distant organs. Microenvironments and intrinsic factors regulate this dormancy, influencing cancer metastasis and treatment strategies.

Keywords:
AngiogenesisCytokinesDisseminationDormancyEndosteal nicheEquilibriumGrowth factorsHematopoietic stem cellHypoxiaImmune systemImmunologic dormancyInflammationOsteogenic nichePerivascular nicheTumor dormancy

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A Time-lapse, Label-free, Quantitative Phase Imaging Study of Dormant and Active Human Cancer Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Metastasis Research

Background:

  • Tumor cells disseminate to distant sites, facing permissive or restrictive microenvironments.
  • Tumor dormancy is characterized by non-proliferation or a balance between cell proliferation and death.
  • Mechanisms regulating entry/exit from dormancy are poorly understood, involving microenvironmental and intrinsic tumor factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of specific niches in regulating dormant tumor cells.
  • To investigate the impact of microenvironmental factors on tumor cell dormancy and outgrowth.
  • To understand how the cellular milieu influences disseminated tumor cell behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on tumor cell dormancy and metastatic niches.
  • Analysis of the influence of osteogenic and perivascular niches on dormant tumor cells.
  • Examination of the effects of hypoxia and the immune system on dormant tumor cell fate.

Main Results:

  • Disseminated tumor cells home to specific niches like perivascular, hematopoietic stem cell, or osteogenic niches.
  • Tumor cells' sensing of niche-specific factors (cytokines, growth factors) and expression of cognate receptors/ligands dictate dormancy.
  • The cellular milieu, including hypoxia and immune cells, significantly impacts dormant tumor cell restriction or outgrowth.

Conclusions:

  • Microenvironmental niches and factors like hypoxia and immune cells critically regulate tumor dormancy and metastasis.
  • Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is key to developing strategies to control dormant tumor cells.
  • Targeting niche interactions and microenvironmental influences holds promise for managing metastatic disease.