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Published on: August 18, 2023
A topography of immunotherapies against gastrointestinal malignancies
Anupam Dhasmana1,2,3, Swati Dhasmana1,2, Sudhir Kotnala1,2
1School of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.
Abstract:
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Although various approaches are implemented to improve the health condition of GI patients, none of the treatment protocols promise for eradicating cancer. However, a treatment mechanism against any kind of disease condition is already existing executing inside the human body. The 'immune system' is highly efficient to detect and destroy the unfavorable events of the body including tumor cells. The immune system can restrict the growth and proliferation of cancer. Cancer cells behave much smarter and adopt new mechanisms for hiding from the immune cells. Thus, cancer immunotherapy might play a decisive role to train the immune system against cancer. In this review, we have discussed the immunotherapy permitted for the treatment of GI cancers. We have discussed various methods and mechanisms, periodic development of cancer immunotherapies, approved biologicals, completed and ongoing clinical trials, role of various biopharmaceuticals, and epigenetic factors involved in GI cancer immunotherapies.
Insights
Cancer immunotherapy trains the immune system to fight gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. This review explores approved treatments, clinical trials, and epigenetic factors for effective cancer immunotherapy strategies.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a major global health concern with limited curative treatments.
- The human immune system possesses inherent capabilities to identify and eliminate tumor cells.
- Cancer cells develop sophisticated mechanisms to evade immune surveillance, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current immunotherapies for GI cancers.
- To discuss the evolution, mechanisms, and approved agents in cancer immunotherapy.
- To explore the role of biopharmaceuticals and epigenetics in GI cancer treatment.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of immunotherapy in GI cancers.
- Analysis of approved biologicals and ongoing clinical trials.
- Examination of biopharmaceutical roles and epigenetic modifications.
Main Results:
- Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach for GI cancer treatment.
- Various immunotherapeutic methods and mechanisms are under investigation and development.
- Epigenetic factors play a significant role in modulating the efficacy of immunotherapies.
Conclusions:
- Cancer immunotherapy holds significant potential for improving outcomes in GI cancer patients.
- Continued research into novel immunotherapeutic agents and strategies is crucial.
- Understanding the interplay between epigenetics and immunotherapy can optimize treatment efficacy.
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