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Related Concept Videos

Adhesion01:14

Adhesion

42.1K
Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
Capillary action is a result of water’s adhesive tendencies. When a narrow...
42.1K
Capillarity in Fluid01:19

Capillarity in Fluid

459
Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
Surface tension is crucial to capillarity. It results from cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the liquid-air boundary, forming a skin that resists external forces. When the capillary tube...
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Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube01:18

Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube

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When very thin cylindrical tubes, called capillaries, are dipped in a liquid, the liquid rises or falls in the tube compared to the surrounding liquid. This phenomenon is called capillary action. Capillary action occurs due to the combination of two opposing forces: the cohesive forces of the liquid, which cause it to stick to itself and form a rounded shape, and the adhesive forces between the liquid and the walls of the container, which cause the liquid to be attracted to the container walls.
2.5K
Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

30.5K
Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
30.5K
Cohesion01:07

Cohesion

56.4K
Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
On a...
56.4K
Vapor Pressure Lowering03:28

Vapor Pressure Lowering

28.8K
The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its gaseous phase when vaporization and condensation are occurring at equal rates:
 
Dissolving a nonvolatile substance in volatile liquid results in a lowering of the liquid’s vapor pressure. This phenomenon can be explained by considering the effect of added solute molecules on the liquid's vaporization and condensation processes. To vaporize, solvent molecules must be present at the surface of the solution....
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Influence of Relative Humidity on Interparticle Capillary Adhesion.

Lidong Liu1, Kai-Tak Wan2, Kuo-Kang Liu1

  • 1School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Library Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|October 19, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a new instrument to measure adhesion between polymer microspheres in humid air. Results show moisture significantly impacts particle adhesion, especially on rough surfaces, with implications for industry.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science
  • Adhesion Science

Background:

  • Understanding interparticle adhesion is crucial for various industrial processes.
  • The influence of moisture on adhesion, particularly in the presence of air, requires detailed characterization.
  • Polymeric microspheres are common in many applications, making their adhesion properties important.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and utilize a novel instrument for directly measuring adhesion between rigid polymeric microspheres.
  • To investigate the effect of relative humidity (RH) on capillary adhesion forces.
  • To develop and validate a theoretical model for interparticle adhesion under varying humidity and surface roughness.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a custom-built instrument to measure tensile load as a function of microsphere approach distance.
  • Conducting experiments in controlled relative humidity environments.
  • Comparing experimental data with a theoretical adhesion model, including extensions for surface roughness.

Main Results:

  • The experimental measurements align with the developed theoretical model.
  • Capillary adhesion force increases monotonically with RH for smooth surfaces.
  • For rough surfaces, adhesion becomes more significant at lower RH compared to smooth surfaces.

Conclusions:

  • Moisture significantly influences the adhesion between polymeric microspheres.
  • Surface roughness plays a critical role in how moisture affects interparticle adhesion.
  • The findings have substantial implications for optimizing industrial applications involving particle handling and assembly.