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Related Concept Videos

Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Vagina01:26

Vagina

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The vaginal canal is a tubular structure averaging about 10 cm in length that acts as the entryway to the female reproductive system and the passageway for menstrual flow and childbirth. The interior walls of the vagina exhibit concentric folds called rugae and are topped by an area known as the fornix, which connects with the protruding cervical portion of the uterus. This canal is comprised of an external fibrous layer, a muscular middle layer, and an inner lining with mucosal rugae, which...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae reduces vulvovaginal candidiasis severity through modulation of fungal pathogenicity and inflammatory responses.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Protocols for Vaginal Inoculation and Sample Collection in the Experimental Mouse Model of Candida vaginitis
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Protocols for Vaginal Inoculation and Sample Collection in the Experimental Mouse Model of Candida vaginitis

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A Complex Microbial Interplay Underlies Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Pathobiology.

Nicolas Papon1, Patrick Van Dijck2,3

  • 1Univ Angers, Univ Brest, GEIHP, SFR ICAT, Angers, France.

Msystems
|October 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) may be regulated by interactions between Candida and Lactobacillus. Probiotic Lactobacillus may offer an effective treatment for this common fungal infection.

Keywords:
CandidaLactobacillusbiofilmmicrobial interactionprobioticsvulvovaginitis

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Area of Science:

  • Women's Health
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a prevalent, painful condition that is difficult to treat.
  • Recurrent VVC (RVVC) is a significant women's health issue that remains understudied.
  • The molecular mechanisms underlying RVVC pathogenesis are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Candida-Lactobacillus interplay in the pathophysiology of RVVC.
  • To explore potential probiotic therapeutic strategies for RVVC.

Main Methods:

  • The study by McKloud et al. (2021) examined the complex interactions between Candida and Lactobacillus species.
  • Analysis focused on the molecular mechanisms governing these interkingdom interactions.

Main Results:

  • A complex interplay between Candida and Lactobacillus was identified as a key regulator of RVVC pathophysiology.
  • This interaction provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of interkingdom communication in RVVC.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest that Lactobacillus-based probiotics could be an effective therapeutic approach for RVVC.
  • Further research into these interkingdom interactions may lead to novel treatments for fungal infections.