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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis
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Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis

Published on: September 2, 2025

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SARS-CoV-2 in the knee joint: a cadaver study.

Miriam Grassi1, Valeria Giorgi2, Manuela Nebuloni3

  • 1Orthopaedic and Traumatology Unit, ASST-Fatebenefratelli Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy.

Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology
|October 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study found no severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in knee joints of deceased COVID-19 patients. These findings suggest the joint is not a transmission route and SARS-CoV-2 is unlikely to be directly arthritogenic.

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Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint
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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Orthopedics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Limited knowledge exists on SARS-CoV-2 presence in non-respiratory biological fluids.
  • Understanding viral presence in joints is crucial for surgical safety and understanding potential arthritogenic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate SARS-CoV-2 RNA in knee synovial fluid, tissue, and bone in post-mortem COVID-19 patients.
  • To determine if the joint is a potential transmission route during orthopedic surgery.
  • To clarify the direct arthritogenic potential of SARS-CoV-2.

Main Methods:

  • Post-mortem knee synovial fluid, synovial tissue, and bone samples were collected from five COVID-19 patients.
  • Samples were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using commercial real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  • Nasopharyngeal swabs were tested using quantitative RT-PCR.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in any knee synovial fluid, synovial tissue, or bone samples.
  • All patients' throat swabs tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.

Conclusions:

  • The knee joint (synovial fluid, membrane, bone) is unlikely to be a source of SARS-CoV-2 contagion.
  • Current evidence suggests SARS-CoV-2 does not directly cause joint inflammation (arthritogenic).