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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Stimulus-specific Cortical Visual Evoked Potential Morphological Patterns
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Visual percepts evoked with an intracortical 96-channel microelectrode array inserted in human occipital cortex.

Eduardo Fernández1,2,3, Arantxa Alfaro1,2,4, Cristina Soto-Sánchez1,2

  • 1Bioengineering Institute and Cátedra Bidons Egara, University Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain.

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
|October 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study implanted a 96-electrode array into the visual cortex of a blind individual, successfully restoring rudimentary sight. The cortical visual prosthesis enabled letter identification and object boundary recognition.

Keywords:
Medical devicesNeuroscienceOphthalmology

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Restoring vision to blind individuals via direct visual cortex stimulation remains a significant challenge.
  • No clinically viable cortical visual prosthesis currently exists to achieve this goal.

Observation:

  • A 96-electrode intracortical microelectrode array was implanted in the visual cortex of a blind participant for six months.
  • Stimulation thresholds and visual percepts were measured, alongside high-quality neuronal recordings.
  • Chronic implantation and explantation were performed without complications.

Findings:

  • Mean stimulation threshold was 66.8 ± 36.5 μA, with stable parameters over time.
  • Simultaneous multi-electrode stimulation significantly reduced thresholds and evoked discriminable phosphenes.
  • The participant could identify letters and recognize object boundaries using the device.

Implications:

  • Demonstrates the safety and efficacy of chronic intracortical microstimulation in the human visual cortex.
  • Highlights the potential of large-electrode-count cortical visual prostheses for restoring functional vision.
  • Paves the way for future development of advanced neuroprosthetic devices for the blind.