Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

$X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples$ 01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...

X-ray Crystallography

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Laboratory-based cellular-level correlative visible-light and X-ray microscopy for 3D evaluation of mouse kidney biopsy.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Local structure of Amorphous carbon investigated by X-ray total scattering and RMC modeling.

Scientific reports·2024

Same author

Compact laboratory-based X-ray microscope enabling nondestructive 3D structure acquisition of mouse nephron with high speed and better user accessibility.

Microscopy (Oxford, England)·2022

Same author

Nondestructive cellular-level 3D observation of mouse kidney using laboratory-based X-ray microscopy with paraffin-mediated contrast enhancement.

Scientific reports·2022

Same author

Complete Ring Artifacts Reduction Procedure for Lab-Based X-ray Nano CT Systems.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2021

Same author

Visualization of internal 3D structure of small live seed on germination by laboratory-based X-ray microscopy with phase contrast computed tomography.

Plant methods·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Combining X-Ray Crystallography with Small Angle X-Ray Scattering to Model Unstructured Regions of Nsa1 from S. Cerevisiae

Combining X-Ray Crystallography with Small Angle X-Ray Scattering to Model Unstructured Regions of Nsa1 from S. Cerevisiae

Published on: January 10, 2018

Real-space modeling for complex structures based on small-angle X-ray scattering.

Kazuhiko Omote¹, Tomoyuki Iwata¹

¹X-ray Research Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Mastubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan.

Journal of Applied Crystallography

|October 20, 2021

Summary

A new 3D model accurately simulates small-angle X-ray scattering for hierarchical materials. This method reconstructs nanostructure details, like aerogels, from scattering data.

Keywords:

SAXS aerogels computer simulations hierarchical structures reverse Monte Carlo small-angle X-ray scattering

More Related Videos

Structural Studies of Macromolecules in Solution using Small Angle X-Ray Scattering

Structural Studies of Macromolecules in Solution using Small Angle X-Ray Scattering

Published on: November 5, 2018

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

Published on: March 2, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Combining X-Ray Crystallography with Small Angle X-Ray Scattering to Model Unstructured Regions of Nsa1 from S. Cerevisiae

Combining X-Ray Crystallography with Small Angle X-Ray Scattering to Model Unstructured Regions of Nsa1 from S. Cerevisiae

Published on: January 10, 2018

Structural Studies of Macromolecules in Solution using Small Angle X-Ray Scattering

Structural Studies of Macromolecules in Solution using Small Angle X-Ray Scattering

Published on: November 5, 2018

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

Published on: March 2, 2020

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Hierarchical materials exhibit complex structures across multiple length scales.
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a powerful technique for characterizing nanoscale structures.
Accurate modeling of SAXS is crucial for understanding material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel three-dimensional real-space model for hierarchical materials.
To accurately simulate small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns.
To enable the characterization of materials with complex aggregate structures.

Main Methods:

Created a 3D real-space model by matching observed and simulated SAXS patterns.
Simulated material structure by arranging primary particles within a finite cell.
Extended cell size to infinity using asymptotic forms to avoid finite-size effects.
Validated the model's accuracy in the low-wavenumber regime (<0.1 nm⁻¹).

Main Results:

Successfully simulated SAXS patterns for hundred-nanometre-scale structures composed of few-nanometre primary particles.
Determined the structure of an aerogel with excellent agreement between simulated and experimental SAXS patterns.
Generated cross-sectional images comparable to transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Calculated pore-size distribution consistent with gas adsorption methods.

Conclusions:

The developed 3D real-space model accurately characterizes hierarchical materials from SAXS data.
The model provides insights into nanostructure, morphology, and pore characteristics.
This approach enhances the understanding and design of advanced materials.