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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
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Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering
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Selective crystallization via vibrational strong coupling.

Kenji Hirai1,2,3, Hiroto Ishikawa1,3, Thibault Chervy4

  • 1Division of Photonics and Optical Science, Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University North 20 West 10, Kita Ward Sapporo Hokkaido Japan hirai@es.hokudai.ac.jp.

Chemical Science
|October 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Strongly coupling water

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Crystallization Science

Background:

  • Coupling chemical processes to optical cavity fields modulates molecular properties.
  • Strong coupling of solvent vibrations to cavity fields affects reaction kinetics.
  • This suggests potential influence on solution-based processes like crystallization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of vibrational strong coupling on the crystallization of ZIF metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).
  • To explore the potential of optical microcavities to control pseudopolymorphism in MOF crystallization.

Main Methods:

  • Crystallization of ZIF MOFs from water within optical microcavities.
  • Utilizing strong coupling between water's OH stretching vibration and cavity vacuum fields.
  • Comparing crystallization outcomes inside and outside optical microcavities.

Main Results:

  • Selective formation of ZIF-8 crystals was achieved inside optical microcavities.
  • Mixtures of ZIF-8 and ZIF-L were obtained when not using microcavities.
  • Solvent vibrational strong coupling accelerated ZIF crystallization.

Conclusions:

  • Optical microcavities and cavity vacuum fields can control MOF crystallization outcomes.
  • Vibrational strong coupling can bias molecular self-assembly and material synthesis.
  • Cavity vacuum fields show promise as a tool for materials synthesis.