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Forecasting the action of CAR-T cells against SARS-corona virus-II infection with branching process
Khaled A Al-Utaibi1, Alessandro Nutini2, Ayesha Sohail3
1Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:
The CAR-T cells are the genetically engineered T cells, designed to work specifically for the virus antigens (or other antigens, such as tumour specific antigens). The CAR-T cells work as the living drug and thus provides an adoptive immunotherapy strategy. The novel corona virus treatment and control designs are still under clinical trials. One of such techniques is the injection of CAR-T cells to fight against the COVID-19 infection. In this manuscript, the hypothesis is based on the CAR-T cells, that are suitably engineered towards SARS-2 viral antigen, by the N protein. The N protein binds to the SARS-2 viral RNA and is found in abundance in this virus, thus for the engineered cell research, this protein sequence is chosen as a potential target. The use of the sub-population of T-reg cells is also outlined. Mathematical modeling of such complex line of action can help to understand the dynamics. The modeling approach is inspired from the probabilistic rules, including the branching process, the Moran process and kinetic models. The Moran processes are well recognized in the fields of artificial intelligence and data science. The model depicts the infectious axis "virus-CAR-T cells-memory cells". The theoretical analysis provides a positive therapeutic action; the delay in viral production may have a significant impact on the early stages of infection. Although it is necessary to carefully evaluate the possible side effects of therapy. This work introduces the possibility of hypothesizing an antiviral use by CAR-T cells.
Insights
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) engineered to target SARS-CoV-2 N protein show potential as a novel COVID-19 therapy. Mathematical modeling suggests this approach may delay viral production, offering a promising adoptive immunotherapy strategy.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Computational Biology
Background:
- Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) are genetically engineered immune cells used in adoptive immunotherapy.
- Current COVID-19 treatments are under clinical investigation, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies.
- The SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for COVID-19, presents unique targets for therapeutic intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To hypothesize and theoretically analyze the potential of CAR-T cells engineered against the SARS-CoV-2 N protein as an antiviral therapy.
- To explore the dynamics of virus-CAR-T cell-memory cell interactions using mathematical modeling.
- To assess the potential therapeutic impact of delaying viral production in early-stage infection.
Main Methods:
- Engineering CAR-T cells to target the SARS-CoV-2 N protein, chosen for its abundance and role in viral RNA binding.
- Utilizing mathematical modeling inspired by probabilistic rules, including branching and Moran processes, and kinetic models.
- Analyzing the infectious axis: virus-CAR-T cells-memory cells.
Main Results:
- Theoretical analysis indicates a positive therapeutic action of engineered CAR-T cells.
- A delay in viral production, as predicted by the model, may significantly impact early stages of infection.
- The study supports the potential for CAR-T cell therapy against viral infections.
Conclusions:
- CAR-T cells engineered against the SARS-CoV-2 N protein represent a novel and promising avenue for COVID-19 treatment.
- Mathematical modeling provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics of this proposed immunotherapy.
- Further evaluation of potential side effects is crucial for clinical application, but the antiviral potential is significant.
