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ATS Core Curriculum 2021. Adult Pulmonary Medicine: Thoracic Oncology
Garth W Garrison1, Josalyn L Cho2, Jane C Deng3
1Divison of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
ATS Scholar
|October 20, 2021
Summary
The American Thoracic Society
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology and Oncology
Background:
- Lung cancer remains a significant global health burden.
- Risk factors include tobacco smoking, asbestos, radon, and burned biomass.
- Early detection through screening reduces lung cancer mortality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an annual update on lung cancer management.
- To cover risks, prevention, screening, nodules, therapeutics, and pleural effusions.
Main Methods:
- Review of randomized studies on low-dose chest computed tomography screening.
- Evaluation of clinical and radiographic features for lung nodules.
- Assessment of newer lung cancer therapies and their toxicities.
- Diagnostic approaches for malignant pleural effusions.
Main Results:
- Low-dose chest CT screening reduces lung cancer mortality in high-risk smokers.
- Nodule evaluation relies on size and cancer risk assessment.
- Newer therapies (immune checkpoint inhibitors, molecular therapies) have higher pulmonary toxicity.
- Malignant pleural effusions require diagnosis via drainage or biopsy.
Conclusions:
- Lung cancer screening is recommended for high-risk individuals.
- Careful evaluation of lung nodules is crucial.
- Awareness and management of treatment-related pulmonary toxicity are essential.
- Malignant pleural effusions necessitate tailored management strategies.
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