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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
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A Proposal for Evaluating Psychosocial Trauma.

Loreto Villagran1, Amalio Blanco, Julio Olea

  • 1Universidad de Concepción.

Psicothema
|October 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study validated the Psychosocial Trauma Scale (ETAPS) to assess collective violence impacts. The scale revealed broader psychosocial effects beyond clinical symptoms, offering a valuable tool for future research.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Trauma Studies

Background:

  • Collective violence has profound psychosocial consequences.
  • Existing scales may not fully capture these impacts.
  • The Psychosocial Trauma Scale (ETAPS) was developed to address this gap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Design and validate the Psychosocial Trauma Scale (ETAPS).
  • Assess psychosocial consequences of collective violence.
  • Evaluate proposed dimensions: Pre-traumatic Situation, Destruction of Fundamental Beliefs, Intergroup Emotions, and Family and Community Destruction.

Main Methods:

  • Content validity assessed by experts.
  • Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to determine ETAPS structure.
  • Convergent and divergent validity tested using post-traumatic stress, psychological, and social well-being measures.

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Main Results:

  • EFA revealed a modified structure for ETAPS.
  • Identified dimensions: Pre-traumatic Situation, Intergroup Emotions, Destruction of Sociality, and Personal and Collective Self-Efficacy.
  • Convergent and divergent validity were largely as expected, with an exception for the pre-traumatic situation.

Conclusions:

  • ETAPS dimensions indicate violence effects extend beyond clinical symptoms.
  • The validated ETAPS possesses adequate psychometric properties.
  • The scale is a useful instrument for future research on collective violence impacts.