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Altered Plasma Fatty Acids Associate with Gut Microbial Composition in Common Variable Immunodeficiency.

Tonje Skarpengland1,2, Magnhild E Macpherson3,4, Johannes R Hov3,5,6,7

  • 1Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. tskarp@ous-hf.no.

Journal of Clinical Immunology
|October 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients exhibit altered fatty acid (FA) profiles, with reduced levels of beneficial omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). These FA changes correlate with gut microbial diversity and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels.

Keywords:
ALAARABifidobacteriumBlautiaCVIDDHAEPAIgGLAMUFAPIDPUFAalpha diversityalpha-linolenic acidarachidonic acidcommon variable immunodeficiencydesulfovibrionaceaedocosahexaenoic aciddysbiosiseicosapentaenoic acidfatty acidsgut microbiotahypogammaimmunoglobulin Glinoleic acidmonounsaturated fatty acidn-3 PUFAn-6 PUFAomega 3omega 6polyunsaturated fatty acidrifaximinruminococcaceae

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Fatty acid (FA) abnormalities are implicated in inflammatory disorders and linked to gut microbiota disturbances.
  • Patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) often experience inflammatory complications associated with altered gut microbial composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that CVID patients have an altered FA profile.
  • To explore the relationship between FA profiles and gut microbial dysbiosis in CVID.

Main Methods:

  • Plasma FA levels were quantified in 39 CVID patients and 30 healthy controls.
  • Gut microbial profiles, dietary intake via food frequency questionnaire, and the impact of rifaximin therapy were assessed in CVID patients.

Main Results:

  • CVID patients showed significantly reduced levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and n-6 PUFAs, such as linoleic acid (LA).
  • The FA anti-inflammatory index was lower in CVID patients.
  • Microbial alpha diversity positively correlated with plasma n-6 PUFAs and LA. Rifaximin treatment reduced n-6 PUFA proportions, and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels correlated with plasma n-3 PUFAs and DHA.

Conclusions:

  • CVID is associated with an unfavorable FA profile, potentially linked to low IgG levels.
  • Elevated plasma n-6 PUFAs in CVID patients were associated with increased gut microbial diversity and were modulated by rifaximin therapy.