Cancer of the vulva: 2021 update

Area of Science:

• Gynecologic Oncology
• Dermatology
• Oncology

Background:

• Vulvar cancer is a rare gynecologic malignancy predominantly seen in postmenopausal women.
• Currently, no specific screening tests exist for vulvar cancer.
• The most effective preventive strategy involves timely treatment of predisposing and preneoplastic vulvar lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the current understanding of vulvar cancer diagnosis, treatment, and management.
• To emphasize the importance of early detection and intervention for pre-malignant conditions.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on vulvar cancer epidemiology, pathology, and treatment modalities.
• Emphasis on clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures (biopsy), and therapeutic options.

Main Results:

• Vulvar cancer often presents with symptoms like pruritus, pain, lumps, or ulcers, necessitating biopsy of suspicious lesions.
• Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common subtype.
• Treatment strategies depend on histology and surgical stage, with surgery being primary for squamous cell carcinoma, and chemoradiation an option for advanced cases.

Conclusions:

• Individualized management by a multidisciplinary team at experienced cancer centers is crucial.
• Prompt diagnosis and treatment of preinvasive lesions are vital for reducing vulvar cancer incidence and improving outcomes.