Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The Variability of MCID, SCB, and PASS Thresholds in the Adult Spinal Deformity Literature: A Systematic Review.

Spine·2026

Same author

How Expensive is ENT Surgeons' Involvement in Retrosigmoid Craniotomies? A Time-Driven Activity-Based Cost Analysis.

Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base·2026

Same author

Which spine surgeries belong in the ambulatory surgical center? Determining economic viability using time-driven activity-based costing.

Neurosurgical focus·2026

Same author

Defining the value of elective lumbar fusion: a systematic review of existing methodologies and framework for the Operative Value Index.

Journal of neurosurgical sciences·2026

Same author

High flow, at a higher cost? A pilot study comparing direct vs. indirect bypass for Moyamoya disease using time-driven activity-based costing.

Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia·2026

Same author

High-volume spine surgery center costs and resource utilization: a database study of 142,617 Medicare claims in 2019.

Journal of neurosurgery. Spine·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

Published on: November 8, 2024

Postoperative Evolution of Sagittal Parameters Over Time Does Not Differ by Upper Instrumented Vertebra.

Michael E Steinhaus¹, Renaud Lafage, Ram K Alluri

¹Spine Service, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY.

|October 20, 2021

Summary

Adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery shows initial alignment improvements. However, thoracic kyphosis (TK) tends to worsen over time, especially in the lower thoracic (LT) group, though global alignment is maintained through compensatory changes.

More Related Videos

The Transition to an Anterior-Based Muscle Sparing Approach Improves Early Postoperative Function but is Associated with a Learning Curve

The Transition to an Anterior-Based Muscle Sparing Approach Improves Early Postoperative Function but is Associated with a Learning Curve

Published on: September 7, 2022

Evaluation of Patients' Posture and Gait Profile After Lumbar Fusion Surgery by Video Rasterstereography and Treadmill Gait Analysis

Published on: March 23, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

Published on: November 8, 2024

The Transition to an Anterior-Based Muscle Sparing Approach Improves Early Postoperative Function but is Associated with a Learning Curve

The Transition to an Anterior-Based Muscle Sparing Approach Improves Early Postoperative Function but is Associated with a Learning Curve

Published on: September 7, 2022

Evaluation of Patients' Posture and Gait Profile After Lumbar Fusion Surgery by Video Rasterstereography and Treadmill Gait Analysis

Published on: March 23, 2019

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Spine Surgery
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Adult spinal deformity (ASD) literature often focuses on achieving specific alignment goals.
Less is understood about the long-term evolution of sagittal parameters after surgical correction in ASD patients.
The influence of the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) level on these long-term changes is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the changes in sagittal alignment over time following surgical correction for ASD.
To determine if these sagittal alignment changes differ based on the chosen UIV (upper thoracic vs. lower thoracic).

Main Methods:

Retrospective cohort study of 102 ASD patients.
Sagittal X-rays analyzed preoperatively and at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively.
Patients categorized into upper thoracic (UIV T6 and above) and lower thoracic (UIV T7 and below) groups.

Main Results:

Significant improvement in all sagittal and coronal alignment parameters from preoperatively to all postoperative time points.
Thoracic kyphosis (TK), TPA, and PT increased significantly from discharge to 2 years, with early changes noted.
Global sagittal alignment was maintained, with compensatory changes in pelvic tilt (PT).
TK increased in both UIV groups by 6 months, while thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK) increased preferentially in the lower thoracic group.

Conclusions:

While key sagittal parameters are maintained up to 2 years postoperatively, TK tends to worsen in all ASD patients.
Lower thoracic UIV selection is associated with a preferential increase in TLK.
Despite these parameter-specific changes, compensatory mechanisms in PT help maintain overall global spinal alignment.