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Cutaneous coronavirus disease 2019 in children: a clinical primer for diagnosis and treatment

James Ellis Dinulos1, James Gary Dinulos2,3,4

  • 1Dartmouth College, 2020.

Current Opinion in Pediatrics
|October 20, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric rashes associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vary and require careful evaluation. COVID-19 vaccination rashes are mild, and mask-wearing can exacerbate facial skin conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Cutaneous manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children are not fully understood.
  • Immune responses and resulting rashes differ between pediatric and adult populations.
  • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) can mimic Kawasaki disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review global literature on rashes in children and adults with SARS-CoV-2.
  • To help pediatricians understand and manage COVID-19-related rashes in children.
  • To differentiate vaccine-related rashes from infection-induced rashes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of global literature on SARS-CoV-2 and cutaneous manifestations.
  • Analysis of pediatric-specific immune responses and rash presentations.
  • Inclusion of data on vaccine-associated rashes and mask-related dermatoses.

Main Results:

  • The exact incidence of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 rashes is unknown.
  • COVID-19 vaccination rashes are typically mild and temporary.
  • Mask-wearing is linked to increased acne and seborrheic dermatitis flares in children.

Conclusions:

  • Ongoing research aims to clarify the pathophysiology of COVID-19-related skin conditions.
  • Vaccination against COVID-19 is encouraged despite potential mild, transient rashes.
  • Pediatricians need awareness of diverse rash presentations in the context of COVID-19.
Abstract

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