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Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes01:30

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

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Spirochetes, unique bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetes, are gram-negative, motile, tightly coiled, slender, and flexible. They inhabit aquatic sediments and animals, with some causing diseases like syphilis. Spirochetes are classified into eight genera based on habitat, pathogenicity, phylogeny, and characteristics.Their distinctive motility arises from endoflagella, located within the cell’s periplasm. These endoflagella anchor at the cell poles and extend along the cell length, encased...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Coproparasitoscopic Examination of Dog Stools for Control and Prevention of Zoonotic Parasite Diseases
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[Tick-borne encephalitis in a dog].

Regina Dultz1, Marc Goldhammer

  • 1Kleintierklinik Ludwigsburg-Oßweil.

Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere
|October 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a rare tick-borne disease in dogs. Diagnosis involves neurological signs, antibody detection, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, with tick prevention being key.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Tick-borne Pathogens

Background:

  • Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a significant viral zoonosis transmitted by ixodid ticks.
  • While TBE is well-documented in humans, its diagnosis and clinical presentation in dogs are infrequently reported.
  • Understanding TBE in canines is crucial for differential diagnosis in neurological cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the diagnostic process and clinical course of a TBE virus infection in a dog.
  • To highlight the challenges in diagnosing TBE in veterinary patients.
  • To emphasize the importance of tick-borne disease prevention in dogs.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical case presentation detailing neurological signs, diagnostic testing, and disease progression.

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  • Serological testing for TBE virus-specific antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
  • Analysis of CSF for pleocytosis and virus detection in blood and CSF.

    • Main Results:

    • The case presented with typical TBE symptoms including hyperthermia, central nervous system disorders (ataxia, seizures, behavioral changes), and neck pain.
    • Diagnosis was supported by the detection of TBE-specific antibodies in CSF and evidence of pleocytosis.
    • A chronic disease course with a prolonged recovery period was observed, differing from typical acute presentations.

    Conclusions:

    • Diagnosing TBE in dogs requires a combination of clinical signs, neurological examination, and laboratory diagnostics.
    • Currently, no specific antiviral therapy or approved vaccine exists for TBE in dogs.
    • Effective tick control and prophylaxis remain the primary strategy for preventing TBE in the canine population.