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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Voltaic/Galvanic Cells02:47

Voltaic/Galvanic Cells

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Spontaneous Chemical Reactions
Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
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Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

Standard Electrode Potentials

45.9K
On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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Band Theory02:35

Band Theory

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When two or more atoms come together to form a molecule, their atomic orbitals combine and molecular orbitals of distinct energies result. In a solid, there are a large number of atoms, and therefore a large number of atomic orbitals that may be combined into molecular orbitals. These groups of molecular orbitals are so closely placed together to form continuous regions of energies, known as the bands.
The energy difference between these bands is known as the band gap.
Conductor, Semiconductor,...
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Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Copper-coordinated cellulose ion conductors for solid-state batteries.

Chunpeng Yang1, Qisheng Wu2, Weiqi Xie1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.

Nature
|October 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new solid polymer ion conductor for safer, high-energy lithium batteries. By engineering molecular channels in cellulose with copper ions, they achieved rapid lithium-ion transport and excellent electrochemical stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Solid-state lithium-metal batteries offer high energy density and safety but face challenges with current solid ion conductors.
  • Inorganic conductors provide fast ion transport but lack interfacial contact; polymer conductors offer compatibility but have low ionic conductivity.
  • Existing ion conductors struggle to meet the demanding requirements for advanced battery operations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-performance solid polymer ion conductor for advanced lithium batteries.
  • To engineer molecular channels within polymers to enhance ion transport and electrochemical stability.
  • To demonstrate a generalizable strategy for creating efficient solid-state ion conductors.

Main Methods:

  • Coordinated copper ions (Cu2+) with one-dimensional cellulose nanofibrils to create molecular channels.
  • Investigated the transport of lithium ions (Li+) along the engineered polymer chains.
  • Characterized the ionic conductivity, transference number, and electrochemical stability window of the new conductor.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high Li+ conductivity (1.5 × 10-3 S/cm) along the molecular chain direction.
  • Demonstrated a high transference number (0.78) and a wide electrochemical stability window (0-4.5 V).
  • Verified the approach's universality with other polymers and cations, showing potential for various applications.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular channel engineering in polymers is a viable strategy for high-performance solid ion conductors.
  • The Cu2+-coordinated cellulose conductor enables ion percolation in thick cathodes for high-energy density batteries.
  • This approach has broad implications for developing safe, high-performance solid-state batteries beyond current limitations.