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Disrupted Association Between Empathy and Brain Structure in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Jeonghwan Lee1,2, Jung-Woo Son1,2, Siekyeong Kim1,2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show impaired emotional empathy and altered brain structure compared to controls. Unlike healthy peers, ADHD brains did not show significant structure-empathy correlations.

Keywords:
AdolescentAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderBrain cortical thicknessEmpathyNeuroimaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder impacting executive functions.
  • Empathy, the ability to understand and share others' feelings, is crucial for social interaction.
  • Previous research suggests potential links between ADHD and empathic deficits, but brain structure correlates remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between brain structure and empathy in early adolescents diagnosed with ADHD.
  • To compare brain structural differences and empathy levels between adolescents with ADHD and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 3T MRI to acquire T1-weighted scans from 19 early adolescents with ADHD and 20 healthy controls.
  • Assessed empathy using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and Empathy Quotient.
  • Analyzed cortical thickness and subcortical volumes using FreeSurfer software.

Main Results:

  • Adolescents with ADHD exhibited deficits in cognitive empathy and perspective-taking.
  • A brain region associated with emotional empathy (left posterior insula, supramarginal, and transverse temporal cortices) was significantly smaller in the ADHD group.
  • The left nucleus accumbens volume was larger in the ADHD group.
  • In controls, specific brain regions (left superior temporal, lingual cortices, right amygdala) showed positive associations with different empathy facets.
  • No significant correlations between brain structure and empathy were found in the ADHD group.

Conclusions:

  • Early adolescents with ADHD demonstrate reduced emotional empathy-related cortical volume and impaired cognitive empathy.
  • Unlike healthy controls, individuals with ADHD did not exhibit significant correlations between brain structure and empathy.
  • These findings suggest distinct neural underpinnings of empathy in ADHD, highlighting potential targets for intervention.