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Quantum Optical Immunoassay: Upconversion Nanoparticle-based Neutralizing Assay for COVID-19.

Navid Rajil1, Shahriar Esmaeili1, Benjamin W Neuman1,2,3

  • 1Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M university, TX 77843, US.

Arxiv
|October 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new assay uses fluorescent nanoparticles to measure the neutralizing strength of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. This sensitive method aids in assessing population immunity and evaluating antibody therapies during viral pandemics.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Accurate assessment of neutralizing antibodies is critical for managing viral pandemics like COVID-19.
  • Evaluating population immunity and therapeutic antibody efficacy requires sensitive detection methods.

Approach:

  • Developed a novel assay utilizing fluorescent upconversion nanoparticles conjugated with SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain as phantom virions.
  • Employed a glass bottom plate coated with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) protein to mimic target cells.
  • Quantified antibody neutralization by measuring the inhibition of nanoparticle-ACE-2 binding using a custom confocal microscope.

Key Points:

  • The assay demonstrates high sensitivity, detecting neutralizing antibodies at concentrations as low as 4.0 ng/ml.
  • Achieved a dynamic range from 1.0 ng/ml to 3.2 µg/ml, surpassing the sensitivity of current commercial kits (19 ng/ml).
  • The method provides a sensitive and quantitative measure of relative neutralizing strength for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusions:

  • This technique offers a sensitive platform for evaluating antibody neutralization against SARS-CoV-2.
  • The assay has potential applications in vaccine efficacy studies and the development of antibody-based therapeutics.
  • The developed method can significantly contribute to pandemic preparedness and response strategies.