New Fluorescent Probes for the Sensitive Determination of Glyphosate in Food and Environmental Samples

In this paper, a dual-functional probe, 2-(benzothiazol)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl) imino phenol (BHMH), was synthesized and characterized for the simultaneous detection of Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺ in dimethyl sulfoxide/4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (DMSO/HEPES) (1:4, v/v, pH = 6.0). The limits of detections (LODs) for Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺ were 9.05 and 48 nM, respectively. Based on the competitive coordination, the complex BHMH-Cu/Fe exhibited good sensitivity and selectivity for glyphosate. The LODs of BHMH-Cu and BHMH-Fe for glyphosate were 0.41 and 0.63 μM, respectively. The probe quantitatively detected glyphosate in tap water, Songhua River water, local water and soil, and food samples. The colorimetric on-site glyphosate sensing through the probe BHMH-Cu was also studied based on smartphones. BHMH and BHMH-Cu/Fe exhibited outstanding imaging capabilities for Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺, and glyphosate in living cells with low cytotoxicity, especially the first time for glyphosate.