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Related Concept Videos

Repressible Operon: trp Operon01:21

Repressible Operon: trp Operon

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The trp operon in Escherichia coli exemplifies a repressible operon. It regulates the synthesis of tryptophan through repressor-mediated transcriptional control and attenuation. This dual regulatory mechanism ensures tryptophan biosynthesis occurs only when needed, conserving cellular resources.Structure of the trp OperonThe trp operon consists of five structural genes (trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, and trpA) that encode enzymes for tryptophan biosynthesis. These genes are transcribed as a single...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Operons02:09

Operons

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Prokaryotes can control gene expression through operons—DNA sequences consisting of regulatory elements and clustered, functionally related protein-coding genes. Operons use a single promoter sequence to initiate transcription of a gene cluster (i.e., a group of structural genes) into a single mRNA molecule. The terminator sequence ends transcription. An operator sequence, located between the promoter and structural genes, prohibits the operon’s transcriptional activity if bound by...
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Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

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Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
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Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

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The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Sequence variations in the ETEC CS6 operon affect transcript and protein expression.

Jonathan Moon1, Eileen M Barry1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes significant diarrheal disease. Understanding variations in its Coli Surface Antigen 6 (CS6) is crucial for developing effective ETEC vaccines.

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CS6ETECexpressionregulationvaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Vaccinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a primary cause of diarrheal disease in young children and a leading cause of traveler's diarrhea.
  • Colonization factors (CFs) are essential for ETEC adherence in the small intestine, with over 25 identified, including the major CF, Coli Surface Antigen 6 (CS6).
  • A vaccine targeting major CFs could potentially protect against 66% of ETEC-associated diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of sequence variability within the CS6 operon on CS6 expression.
  • To assess the role of specific sequence regions, including an intergenic hairpin structure, in regulating CS6 transcript and protein levels.
  • To inform the development of ETEC vaccines by understanding CS6 sequence variation in clinical isolates.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered 7 recombinant E. coli strains expressing wild-type, hybrid, and mutant CS6 operons.
  • Utilized Western blot analysis to assess CS6 protein expression.
  • Employed RT-qPCR to quantify CS6 transcript levels.

Main Results:

  • Identified two regions of variability within the CS6 operon among clinical ETEC isolates.
  • Demonstrated that an intergenic hairpin structure significantly influences CS6 expression.
  • Provided evidence supporting the impact of sequence variations on CS6 transcript and protein levels.

Conclusions:

  • CS6 sequence selection is critical for the efficacy of ETEC vaccine development.
  • Novel insights into CS6 sequence variation in wild-type ETEC strains were uncovered.
  • Understanding these variations can improve the design of ETEC vaccines targeting CS6.