Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

4.0K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
4.0K
Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory01:15

Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory

53
Correspondent inference theory, proposed by Jones and Davis in 1965, seeks to explain how individuals infer stable personality traits from observed behaviors. It suggests that people attribute actions to underlying dispositions rather than external circumstances, particularly when the behavior appears intentional and socially significant.Voluntary Behavior and Dispositional AttributionAccording to this theory, individuals are more likely to attribute behavior to personal traits when it appears...
53
Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory01:29

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

77
Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus:...
77
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

13.3K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
13.3K
Cause and Effect01:53

Cause and Effect

11.6K
While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
11.6K
Attribution Theory00:56

Attribution Theory

13.4K
Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958).
13.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Generalized Kullback-Leibler Divergence Loss.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026
Same author

Parallel Diffusion Solver via Residual Dirichlet Policy Optimization.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026
Same author

EvolveNav: Empowering LLM-Based Vision-Language Navigation via Self-Improving Embodied Reasoning.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026
Same author

Semi-Supervised VQA Multi-Modal Explanation via Self-Critical Learning.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026
Same author

Hybrid Granularity Distribution Estimation for Few-Shot Learning: Statistics Transfer From Categories and Instances.

IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society·2026
Same author

Phase 1 dose-escalation trial of sub-endometrial injection of human embryonic stem cells-derived immunity-and-matrix-regulatory cells to promote endometrial angiogenesis in refractory intrauterine adhesion.

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy·2025
Same journal

Relation DETR+: Exploring Explicit Position Relation Prior for Dense Prediction.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026
Same journal

RBF++: Quantifying and Optimizing Reasoning Boundaries across Measurable and Unmeasurable Capabilities for Chain-of-Thought Reasoning.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026
Same journal

CAFE: Cross-View Adaptive Fusion and Cluster Center Enhancement for Robust Multi-View Clustering.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026
Same journal

DIVER: Reinforced Diffusion Breaks Imitation Bottlenecks in End-to-End Autonomous Driving.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026
Same journal

Ethics-Aware Safe Reinforcement Learning for Rare-Event Risk Control in Interactive Urban Driving.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026
Same journal

Learning Shape Anchors for Holistic Indoor Scene Understanding.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

597

Deconfounded Image Captioning: A Causal Retrospect.

Xu Yang, Hanwang Zhang, Jianfei Cai

    IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
    |October 21, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Dataset bias significantly impacts vision-language tasks. This study introduces Deconfounded Image Captioning (DIC) using causal inference to address this, improving image captioning models on the MS COCO dataset.

    More Related Videos

    Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
    13:00

    Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

    Published on: January 23, 2017

    10.0K
    Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
    07:36

    Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

    Published on: November 30, 2018

    15.9K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Oct 16, 2025

    Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
    07:12

    Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

    Published on: April 11, 2025

    597
    Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
    13:00

    Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

    Published on: January 23, 2017

    10.0K
    Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
    07:36

    Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

    Published on: November 30, 2018

    15.9K

    Area of Science:

    • Artificial Intelligence
    • Computer Vision
    • Natural Language Processing

    Background:

    • Dataset bias is a major obstacle in vision-language tasks, particularly for image captioning models.
    • Current methods lack a thorough analysis of why image captioners are susceptible to dataset bias.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the root causes of dataset bias in image captioning.
    • To propose a novel framework, Deconfounded Image Captioning (DIC), to mitigate these biases.
    • To enhance the performance of existing image captioning models.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing causal inference principles, specifically backdoor and front-door adjustments.
    • Retrospecting modern neural image captioning architectures through a causal lens.
    • Developing and implementing the DICv1.0 framework.

    Main Results:

    • DICv1.0 framework effectively alleviates negative effects of dataset bias.
    • Enhanced two prevailing image captioning models.
    • Achieved state-of-the-art results: 131.1 CIDEr-D and 128.4 c40 CIDEr-D on MS COCO dataset splits.

    Conclusions:

    • Deconfounded Image Captioning (DIC) offers a principled approach to address dataset bias.
    • The DICv1.0 framework demonstrates significant improvements in image captioning performance.
    • Causal inference provides a promising direction for future research in image captioning.