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A Plus Shaped Cavity in Optical Fiber Based Refractive Index Sensor.

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    This study introduces a novel plus-shaped cavity (PSC) in optical fiber sensors for enhanced detection of hemoglobin (Hb) refractive index (RI). The PSC design improves sensitivity and accuracy for biological sample analysis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Biomedical Sensing
    • Optical Fiber Technology

    Background:

    • Optical fiber grating sensors show promise for biological sample detection.
    • Enhancing the performance of these sensors, particularly for biological applications, remains a key challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel plus-shaped cavity (PSC) in an optical fiber model for detecting hemoglobin (Hb) refractive index (RI).
    • To numerically analyze the performance of the PSC design for biological sensing applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Numerical analysis using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method.
    • Design and testing of single and double vertical slots within the optical fiber core.
    • Sensor testing at a wavelength of 800 nm, with Hb RI values of 1.392 (oxygenated) and 1.389 (deoxygenated).

    Main Results:

    • The PSC sensor model demonstrated analysis across a wide Hb RI range (1.333 to 1.392), corresponding to 0-140 gl⁻¹ Hb concentration.
    • An autocorrelation coefficient of R² = 99.51% was achieved for the tested RI range.
    • The PSC design effectively enhances sensor sensitivity and minimizes the need for multiple gratings.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel PSC design significantly improves the performance of optical fiber grating sensors for biological detection.
    • This enhanced sensitivity and reduced complexity make the PSC sensor a promising tool for accurate hemoglobin analysis.