Study on the impact of comprehensive urbanization on urban civil building CO₂ emissions in China

With the rapid development of China, urbanization has become an important research topic of China's CO₂ emissions. To fill the gap in considering the spatial correlation of the comprehensive urbanization that includes multi-dimensional factors on CO₂ emissions from urban civil buildings (UBEC), this study constructs a comprehensive evaluation indicator of urbanization from four aspects including population, economy, society, and land urbanization by using the entropy method. The spatial spillover effect of UBEC and the impact of comprehensive urbanization on UBEC are also studied by using the spatial panel model in this paper. This study finds out that UBEC has obvious spatial spillover effects. During the early years of the study period, the eastern coastal areas had greater carbon emissions, while in recent years, they have gradually transitioned to the northwestern regions. Comprehensive urbanization has a significant promotion effect on it. And foreign direct investment and per capita energy consumption also have positive impact on UBEC. This study provides a reference for measuring the effects of urbanization on sector-specific CO₂ emissions and may be useful for energy efficiency and emission abatement efforts in China.