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Updated: Oct 16, 2025
Minimally Invasive Embryo Transfer and Embryo Vitrification at the Optimal Embryo Stage in Rabbit Model
Published on: May 16, 2019
Transferring more than one embryo simultaneously is justifiable in most patients
Norbert Gleicher1, Raoul Orvieto2
1The Center for Human Reproduction, 21 East 69th Street, New York, N., USA, The Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Elective single embryo transfer (eSET) in IVF has led to declining live birth rates. This practice lacks validation and may adversely affect conception chances and patient autonomy.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Endocrinology
- In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Background:
- Elective single embryo transfer (eSET) was introduced to IVF in 1999.
- eSET is considered an 'add-on' that has significantly altered IVF practices globally.
Purpose of the Study:
- To question the widespread adoption and efficacy of eSET in IVF.
- To evaluate the scientific basis and clinical impact of eSET.
Main Methods:
- Critical analysis of the hypothesis and data supporting eSET.
- Review of existing evidence and expert opinions on eSET.
Main Results:
- The universal use of eSET lacks proper validation and is based on flawed statistical assumptions.
- eSET has not demonstrated claimed benefits and may reduce live birth rates.
- Market success of eSET relies on expert opinion rather than robust evidence.
Conclusions:
- eSET practice requires reassessment due to unproven benefits and potential harm.
- eSET may prolong time to conception and negatively impact live birth chances.
- Patient self-determination regarding conception timelines is often compromised by provider insistence on eSET.
