Topological magnetic textures and long-range orders in terbium-based quasicrystal and approximant

The quasicrystal (QC) possesses a unique lattice structure with rotational symmetry forbidden in periodic crystals. The electric property is far from complete understanding. It has been a long-standing issue whether magnetic long-range order is realized in the QC. Here, we report our theoretical discovery of the ferromagnetic long-range order in the Tb-based QC. The difficulty in past theoretical studies on the QC was lack of the microscopic theory of the crystalline electric field (CEF), which is crucially important in the rare earth systems. By analyzing the CEF in the Tb-based QC, we clarify that magnetic anisotropy plays a key role in realizing unique magnetic textures in the Tb-based QC and approximant crystal (AC). By constructing the minimal model, we show that various magnetic textures on the icosahedron, at whose vertices Tb atoms are located, are realized. We find that the hedgehog state is characterized by the topological charge of one and the whirling-moment state is characterized by an unusually large topological charge of three. The hedgehog and whirling-moment states are shown to be realized as antiferromagnetic orders transcribed as the emergent monopole and antimonopole in the 1/1 AC. We find that these states exhibit the topological Hall effect under applied magnetic field accompanied by the topological as well as metamagnetic transition. Our model and the determined phase diagram are expected to be relevant to the broad range of the rare earth-based QCs and ACs with strong magnetic anisotropy, which are useful not only to understand magnetism but also, to explore topological properties.