Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs01:15

Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs

316
Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
316
Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism01:19

Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism

2.2K
Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Glucose transport into cells is facilitated by a family of transport proteins called GLUT (Glucose Transporters). GLUT4 is the primary glucose transporter for insulin-stimulated glucose...
2.2K
Other Glycolytic Pathways01:24

Other Glycolytic Pathways

324
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...
324
Overview of Metabolism01:40

Overview of Metabolism

34.7K
Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
34.7K
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

12.6K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
12.6K
Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

183
Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
183

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Harnessing Metalloprotease Wss1 to Enhance Methanol Utilization.

ACS synthetic biology·2026
Same author

Metabolic Engineering of Methanotrophic Bacteria for <i>De Novo</i> Production of Taxadiene from Methane.

ACS synthetic biology·2025
Same author

A synthetic co-culture for bioproduction of ammonia from methane and air.

Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology·2024
Same author

Revealing reaction intermediates in one-carbon elongation by thiamine diphosphate/CoA-dependent enzyme family.

Communications chemistry·2024
Same author

Engineering a new-to-nature cascade for phosphate-dependent formate to formaldehyde conversion in vitro and in vivo.

Nature communications·2023
Same author

Cell-free prototyping enables implementation of optimized reverse β-oxidation pathways in heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria.

Nature communications·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Metabolic Pathway Confirmation and Discovery Through 13C-labeling of Proteinogenic Amino Acids
07:26

Metabolic Pathway Confirmation and Discovery Through 13C-labeling of Proteinogenic Amino Acids

Published on: January 26, 2012

24.6K

An orthogonal metabolic framework for one-carbon utilization.

Alexander Chou1, Seung Hwan Lee1, Fayin Zhu1

  • 1Department of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.

Nature Metabolism
|October 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel synthetic pathways for C1 bioconversion, creating multicarbon products from C1 units. These formyl-CoA elongation (FORCE) pathways are orthogonal to host metabolism, enabling efficient bioproduction.

More Related Videos

Assessing Energy Substrate Oxidation In Vitro with 14CO2 Trapping
09:20

Assessing Energy Substrate Oxidation In Vitro with 14CO2 Trapping

Published on: March 23, 2022

2.2K
Workflow Based on the Combination of Isotopic Tracer Experiments to Investigate Microbial Metabolism of Multiple Nutrient Sources
12:47

Workflow Based on the Combination of Isotopic Tracer Experiments to Investigate Microbial Metabolism of Multiple Nutrient Sources

Published on: January 22, 2018

9.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Metabolic Pathway Confirmation and Discovery Through 13C-labeling of Proteinogenic Amino Acids
07:26

Metabolic Pathway Confirmation and Discovery Through 13C-labeling of Proteinogenic Amino Acids

Published on: January 26, 2012

24.6K
Assessing Energy Substrate Oxidation In Vitro with 14CO2 Trapping
09:20

Assessing Energy Substrate Oxidation In Vitro with 14CO2 Trapping

Published on: March 23, 2022

2.2K
Workflow Based on the Combination of Isotopic Tracer Experiments to Investigate Microbial Metabolism of Multiple Nutrient Sources
12:47

Workflow Based on the Combination of Isotopic Tracer Experiments to Investigate Microbial Metabolism of Multiple Nutrient Sources

Published on: January 22, 2018

9.6K

Area of Science:

  • Synthetic biology
  • Metabolic engineering
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Metabolic engineering often involves complex pathway integration, leading to interdependencies with host metabolism.
  • Developing orthogonal synthetic pathways offers an alternative approach for efficient bioconversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer synthetic pathways for C1 bioconversion that are independent of host metabolism.
  • To create multicarbon products directly from C1 units using novel enzymatic reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized formyl-CoA elongation (FORCE) reactions catalyzed by 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase.
  • Performed thermodynamic and stoichiometric analyses of FORCE pathway variants.
  • Prototyped pathways in vitro and in vivo using Escherichia coli.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated conversion of C1 compounds (formate, formaldehyde, methanol) into various multicarbon products (glycolate, ethylene glycol, ethanol, glycerate).
  • Showcased the potential for synthetic methylotrophy through integration with host metabolism.
  • Successfully engineered a two-strain co-culture system for producing native growth substrates.

Conclusions:

  • FORCE pathways provide a versatile and orthogonal platform for C1 bioconversion.
  • This approach enables the production of valuable chemicals from simple C1 feedstocks.
  • Synthetic methylotrophy can be achieved by integrating these pathways with host metabolism.