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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
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Organisms exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, categorized based on how they acquire energy and carbon. These strategies enable survival in various ecological niches and are essential for maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.Energy and Carbon SourcesOrganisms are classified as phototrophs or chemotrophs based on energy acquisition. Phototrophs use light as their energy source, while chemotrophs rely on oxidizing chemical compounds. Further differentiation arises...
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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota
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Intestinal microbiota as a route for micronutrient bioavailability.

Noushin Hadadi1,2, Vincent Berweiler1,2, Haiping Wang1,2

  • 1Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.

Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research
|October 22, 2021
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Micronutrient deficiencies affect billions globally. The gut microbiome significantly influences vitamin and mineral balance, offering potential therapeutic strategies for improved human health.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Human Nutrition
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Micronutrient deficiencies impact 2 billion people worldwide, causing severe health consequences.
  • Causes include poor dietary diversity and impaired nutrient absorption due to gastrointestinal conditions.
  • Emerging research highlights the gut microbiome's role in micronutrient biosynthesis and bioavailability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the critical role of the gut microbiome in maintaining host vitamin and mineral homeostasis.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of the gut microbiome for addressing micronutrient imbalances.
  • To discuss the implications of gut microbiota on overall human health and nutritional status.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies in model organisms and humans.
  • Analysis of the impact of intestinal microbiota on de novo micronutrient synthesis.
  • Exploration of the relationship between gut microbiota composition and host micronutrient status.

Main Results:

  • Intestinal microbiota is crucial for the de novo biosynthesis of essential micronutrients.
  • Gut bacteria significantly influence the bioavailability of various vitamins and minerals.
  • Microbiota composition is a key determinant of an individual's micronutrient status.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiome plays a vital role in regulating host vitamin and mineral levels.
  • Modulating the gut microbiota presents a promising therapeutic avenue for managing micronutrient deficiencies.
  • Understanding the gut microbiome's influence is essential for advancing human health and nutrition.