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Direct Measurement of Helicoid Surface States in RhSi Using Nonlinear Optics.

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Researchers measured photogalvanic effects in topological semimetals, observing Fermi arc currents. Unexpected symmetry properties were revealed, offering new insights into topological physics and material properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Topological physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Direct measurement of topological semimetal Fermi arcs is challenging due to bulk interference.
  • Nonsymmorphic crystals allow separation of surface and bulk states via laser-driven currents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally measure photogalvanic effects from Fermi arcs in the nonsymmorphic Weyl semimetal RhSi.
  • To compare experimental results with theoretical predictions for circular and linear photogalvanic effects.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of linear and circular photogalvanic effect currents.
  • Utilized incident photon energy range of 0.45-1.1 eV.
  • Studied the nonsymmorphic, chiral Weyl semimetal RhSi.

Main Results:

  • Agreement with predicted spectral shape for circular photogalvanic effect.
  • Observed surface photocurrent direction deviating from theoretical expectations.
  • Identified surface currents from linear photogalvanic effect requiring only two tensor elements, suggesting emergent symmetry.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental validation of theoretical predictions for circular photogalvanic effect spectral shape.
  • Discrepancy in surface photocurrent direction highlights complexities in topological semimetals.
  • Emergent approximate mirror symmetry in RhSi challenges conventional understanding based on its space group.