Microfluidic synthesis of gelatin nanoparticles conjugated with nitrogen-doped carbon dots and associated cellular...

Gelatin nanoparticles are a versatile class of nanoparticles with wide applications, especially in drug delivery and gene delivery. The inherent biocompatible nature of gelatin and various functional groups can improve the cellular interactions and enhance the efficacy of different drug formulations. Microfluidic hydrodynamic flow-focusing techniques can be used for the synthesis of gelatin nanoparticles. The present work syntheses nitrogen-doped carbon dots conjugated with gelatin nanoparticles (NQD-GNPs) using a microfluidic approach and associated cellular response through various assays. MTT, neutral red uptake, and Calcein AM/Propidium iodide (PI) assays independently proved the biocompatible nature of NQD-GNPs. The NQD-GNPs treatment demonstrated a slight increase in reactive nitrogen species generation and lactate dehydrogenase release. However, it does not alter the mitochondrial membrane potential or lysosomal stability. The cellular uptake of NQD-GNP depends on the concentration and does not affect the apoptotic pathway of the cells. Most of the cells remained viable even after treatment with high concentrations of NQD-GNPs.