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Chronic bladder catheterization for precise urine collection in awake mice.

Alexander A Andreev-Andrievskiy1, Evgeniya A Lagereva2, Nadezda V Pankova2

  • 1M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biology Faculty, 119991 Moscow, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Russia; Institute of biomedical problems, Russian Academy of Science, 123007 Moscow, 76A Khoroshevskoe Shosse, Russia; MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, LLC, 119991 Moscow, 1-73 Leninskie Gory, Russia.

Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods
|October 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A novel bladder catheterization technique allows for accurate, long-term urine collection in mice, overcoming evaporation issues common in metabolic chambers. This method improves diuresis and urinalysis data quality for physiological and pharmacological studies.

Keywords:
Awake miceBladder catheterizationUrinary excretionUrine collection

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Metabolic chambers are standard for rodent urine collection.
  • Small urine volumes in mice lead to significant evaporation (≈50%) in metabolic chambers, distorting diuresis and urinalysis.
  • Existing methods lack accuracy for long-term, contamination-free urine collection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a bladder catheterization technique for accurate, long-term urine collection in awake mice.
  • To compare urine collection efficiency and quality between the new technique and traditional metabolic chambers.
  • To assess the utility of the technique in physiological, pharmacological, and toxicological research.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a bladder catheterization procedure for awake male and female mice.
  • Long-term urine collection (≥30 days) in catheterized mice and comparison with metabolic cages.
  • Assessment of diuresis, urine osmolarity, urinalysis, and microbiological parameters.
  • Evaluation of the technique's utility in pharmacokinetic studies using phenol red.
  • Monitoring catheter patency and animal health post-surgery.

Main Results:

  • Bladder catheterization enabled accurate, contamination-free urine collection for 30 days or longer.
  • Daily diuresis in catheterized mice was twice as high compared to metabolic cages.
  • The twofold difference in urine recovery was consistent across various physiological conditions (circadian rhythm, drug administration, water load).
  • Catheter-collected urine exhibited higher quality in osmolarity, urinalysis, and microbiological analysis.
  • Catheters remained patent with minimal impact on animal health after 30 days.

Conclusions:

  • Bladder catheterization is a superior method for accurate and reliable long-term urine collection in mice.
  • This technique enhances data quality for physiological, pharmacological, and toxicological studies.
  • The method is suitable for pharmacokinetic assessments and provides a valuable tool for rodent research.