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Metacognitive Performance on Memory and Visuospatial Tasks in Functional Cognitive Disorder.

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|October 23, 2021
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Summary

Functional Cognitive Disorder (FCD) patients do not have metacognitive deficits, but their memory performance is similar to neurodegenerative mild cognitive impairment (nMCI). This suggests memory encoding or retrieval issues, not self-judgment problems.

Keywords:
anosognosiafunctional cognitive disorderinsightmetacognitionmild cognitive impairmentneurodegeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Functional Cognitive Disorder (FCD) is a common memory clinic diagnosis characterized by self-reported cognitive symptoms without objective cognitive dysfunction.
  • Metacognition, the ability to self-assess one's own cognitive abilities, is a potential explanation for FCD.
  • Understanding the underlying mechanisms of FCD is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in accuracy, confidence, and metacognition among individuals with FCD, neurodegenerative mild cognitive impairment (nMCI), and healthy controls (HC).
  • To determine if metacognitive deficits contribute to the cognitive symptoms experienced by individuals with FCD.
  • To compare performance on memory and perceptual tasks between these groups.

Main Methods:

  • Participants included individuals with FCD (N=20), nMCI (N=14), and HC (N=23).
  • Forced-choice memory and perceptual tasks were administered with trial-by-trial confidence ratings.
  • Metacognitive efficacy was assessed using signal detection theory measures (Meta-d'/d').

Main Results:

  • FCD and nMCI groups exhibited lower accuracy on the memory task compared to HC, with a significant difference between FCD and HC after controlling for age and sex.
  • No significant differences in confidence ratings were observed between groups on either task.
  • No differences in metacognitive efficacy were found between FCD, nMCI, and HC groups on either the memory or perceptual tasks.

Conclusions:

  • The cognitive difficulties in FCD do not appear to stem from metacognitive deficits.
  • FCD performance on memory tasks resembles that of nMCI, suggesting potential issues with memory encoding or retrieval.
  • Further research should focus on memory processes rather than metacognitive judgment in FCD.