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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Biomolecules Orchestrating Cardiovascular Calcification.

Yin Tintut1,2,3,4, Henry M Honda1, Linda L Demer1,2,4,5,6

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Biomolecules
|October 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vascular calcification shares molecular mechanisms with bone mineralization. Understanding these shared pathways is crucial for developing effective therapies that consider both vascular and skeletal health.

Keywords:
calcificationcardiovascularinflammationlipidsskeletal

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Skeletal Biology
  • Biomolecular Regulation

Background:

  • Vascular calcification was historically viewed as a passive degenerative process.
  • Emerging evidence highlights its active regulation, mirroring skeletal bone mineralization.
  • Key biomolecules and regulatory pathways are now known to overlap between vascular and skeletal systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the key biomolecules driving vascular calcification.
  • To explore the regulation of ectopic calcification by metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory factors.
  • To discuss the implications of shared regulatory mechanisms for therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on biomolecular mechanisms of vascular calcification.
  • Analysis of regulatory pathways involving metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory stimuli.
  • Examination of the interplay between vascular calcification and skeletal mineralization.

Main Results:

  • Bone morphogenetic proteins are implicated in atherosclerotic lesion calcification.
  • Shared biomolecules and regulatory mechanisms control both vascular and skeletal mineralization.
  • Vessel wall calcification influences plaque stability and cardiac event risk.

Conclusions:

  • Vascular calcification is a complex, actively regulated process.
  • Therapeutic interventions targeting vascular calcification must consider potential impacts on skeletal health.
  • A balanced approach considering both systems is essential for effective treatment development.