Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma in 2020/2021 and Beyond

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Oncology
• Immunotherapy

Background:

• Relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) presents significant treatment challenges.
• The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted therapeutic development and delivery.
• Despite challenges, 2020-2021 saw notable advancements in RRMM treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize recent registration trials and emerging immunotherapies for RRMM.
• To provide an overview of recent insights into multiple myeloma genomics.
• To present promising future therapeutic strategies for RRMM.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent clinical trial data for new drug approvals.
• Analysis of emerging immunotherapeutic approaches.
• Synthesis of current knowledge on MM genomics and microenvironment.

Main Results:

• Approval of novel agents including isatuximab, belantamab mafodotin, Idecabtagen-Vicleucel, selinexor, and melflufen.
• These agents represent diverse mechanisms of action, including CD38 targeting, BCMA targeting, XPO-1 inhibition, and peptide-drug conjugates.
• Emerging immunotherapies and a deeper understanding of MM genomics and microenvironment are shaping future strategies.

Conclusions:

• Significant therapeutic progress has been achieved in RRMM, expanding treatment options.
• Novel agents and immunotherapies are transforming the landscape of RRMM treatment.
• Future strategies are being rationally derived from genomic insights and microenvironmental understanding.