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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence
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Telomeres and Age-Related Diseases.

Hans-Jürgen Gruber1, Maria Donatella Semeraro1, Wilfried Renner1

  • 1Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.

Biomedicines
|October 23, 2021
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Summary

Telomere shortening with aging compromises chromosome protection, potentially driving age-related diseases like cardiovascular disease and dementia. Further research is needed to understand causality and improve telomere measurement methods.

Keywords:
agediseasetelomere

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Telomeres are protective DNA caps at chromosome ends.
  • Telomere shortening is a hallmark of aging, impacting genomic stability.
  • Telomere dysfunction is linked to age-related diseases, but causality is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on telomere biology and aging.
  • To explore the role of telomere dysfunction in age-related diseases.
  • To summarize methods for measuring telomere length and telomerase activity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of telomere biology and aging.
  • Analysis of studies linking telomere length to age-related conditions.
  • Overview of analytical techniques for telomere and telomerase assessment.

Main Results:

  • Telomere shortening compromises DNA protection and chromosome integrity.
  • Evidence suggests telomere length is associated with cardiovascular disease, malignancies, dementia, and osteoporosis.
  • Current understanding of the causal link between telomere length and disease requires further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Telomere biology is crucial for understanding aging and age-related diseases.
  • Establishing causality between telomere length and disease progression is a key future direction.
  • Improving analytical methods for telomere measurement is essential for robust research.