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Insights into Potential Pathogenesis and Treatment Options for Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Pneumonitis

Hiroyuki Ando1, Kunihiro Suzuki1, Toyoshi Yanagihara1,2

  • 1Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.

Biomedicines
|October 23, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) offer new cancer treatments but can cause serious lung inflammation, known as ICI-pneumonitis. This review explores the causes and treatments for this potentially fatal side effect.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 are novel cancer therapies.
  • ICIs enhance anti-tumor immune responses by blocking inhibitory signals.
  • Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are unique toxicities associated with ICIs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on ICI-pneumonitis.
  • To discuss the pathogenesis of ICI-induced lung inflammation.
  • To summarize treatment strategies for ICI-pneumonitis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings on ICI-pneumonitis.
  • Analysis of potential mechanisms underlying ICI-pneumonitis.
  • Synthesis of current treatment approaches.

Main Results:

  • ICI-pneumonitis is a serious, potentially fatal adverse event affecting the lungs.
  • Pathogenesis involves complex immune dysregulation.
  • Treatment strategies are evolving.

Conclusions:

  • ICI-pneumonitis requires careful monitoring and management.
  • Further research into pathogenesis may improve treatment outcomes.
  • Understanding irAEs is crucial for safe ICI use in cancer therapy.
Keywords:
immune checkpointimmune-checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitisimmune-related adverse events (irAEs)

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