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Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Isolation, Characterization, and Therapeutic Application of Extracellular Vesicles from Cultured Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Published on: September 23, 2022
Exosome Degeneration in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Michiko Horiguchi1, Yuko Okada1, Yuya Turudome1
1Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo Onoda 756-0884, Yamaguchi, Japan.
Abstract:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells and requires the regeneration of these destroyed pancreatic β-cells for radical treatment. The degeneration of organelles in stem cells compromises stem cell quality; however, organelles in the mesenchymal stem cells of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus have not been characterized previously. In this study, we use transmission electron microscopy to evaluate the degeneration of organelles in adipose-derived stem cells of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM ADSCs). Compared to adipose-derived stem cells from healthy humans, T1DM ADSCs degenerate differently, characterized by prominent enlarged spherical vesicles. The exosomes of T1DM ADSCs are found to be enlarged, reduced in number, and increased in the percentage of those positive for tetraspanin CD9. The findings of this study provide insight into the characteristics of stem cells in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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