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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
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Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Assessment of Cellular Bioenergetics in Mouse Hematopoietic Stem and Primitive Progenitor Cells using the Extracellular Flux Analyzer
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Assessment of Cellular Bioenergetics in Mouse Hematopoietic Stem and Primitive Progenitor Cells using the Extracellular Flux Analyzer

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Mitochondrial Contributions to Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging.

Claudia Morganti1,2,3, Keisuke Ito1,2,3

  • 1Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Aging hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) show mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to myeloid-biased differentiation and disease risk. Understanding these mitochondrial mechanisms is key to targeting HSC aging.

Keywords:
ROSaginghematopoiesishematopoietic stem cellinflammationmitochondrial metabolismstem cell exhaustion

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Analysis of Hematopoietic Stem Progenitor Cell Metabolism
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Analysis of Hematopoietic Stem Progenitor Cell Metabolism

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Mitochondrial Biology

Background:

  • Aging is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and stem cell exhaustion.
  • Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) exhibit impaired immune response and regeneration with age.
  • Aged HSCs show myeloid-bias, polarity loss, enhanced oxidative phosphorylation, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on mitochondrial mechanisms driving HSC aging.
  • To highlight the role of mitochondria in age-related HSC phenotypes.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for HSC aging.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of mitochondrial mechanisms in HSC aging.
  • Analysis of age-related changes in HSC mitochondrial function.
  • Examination of mitochondrial metabolism, ROS production, and quality control in aged HSCs.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial ROS production is implicated in HSC aging.
  • Alterations in mitochondrial metabolism contribute to age-related HSC dysfunction.
  • Mitochondrial quality control pathways and inflammation are key factors in HSC aging.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is a central driver of hematopoietic stem cell aging.
  • Understanding these mechanisms can lead to interventions for age-related hematological diseases.
  • Targeting mitochondrial pathways may offer therapeutic strategies to rejuvenate HSCs.