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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
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Extracellular Environment-Controlled Angiogenesis, and Potential Application for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration.

Shingo Saio1, Kanna Konishi1, Hirofumi Hohjoh2

  • 1Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores how extracellular molecules regulate angiogenesis, focusing on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling and its role in vascular development and peripheral nerve regeneration.

Keywords:
angiogenesisextracellular matrixperipheral nerve regenerationproteoglycan

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cell Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Endothelial cells form vascular networks through specific phenotypes.
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling is crucial for vascular development, promoting endothelial proliferation, migration, and survival.
  • Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is tightly regulated by the spatiotemporal localization of angiogenic factors and the extracellular matrix.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulatory roles of extracellular molecules in angiogenesis.
  • To examine the interplay between vascular and neural systems, including shared molecular mechanisms.
  • To focus on the significance of angiogenesis in peripheral nerve regeneration and explore therapeutic strategies for nerve injury.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current knowledge on angiogenesis regulation.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms coordinating vascular and neural development and regeneration.
  • Synthesis of information on therapeutic strategies for peripheral nerve injury.

Main Results:

  • Extracellular environmental molecules significantly influence angiogenesis.
  • Shared molecular pathways exist between vascular and neural system development and regeneration.
  • Angiogenesis plays a critical role in peripheral nerve regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding extracellular regulation of angiogenesis is key for vascular network formation.
  • Targeting angiogenesis offers potential therapeutic avenues for peripheral nerve regeneration and injury treatment.