Ochratoxin A-Induced Nephrotoxicity: Up-to-Date Evidence

Area of Science:

• Toxicology
• Molecular Biology
• Nephrology

Background:

• Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a prevalent mycotoxin in food and feed.
• OTA exerts multi-organ toxicity, with the kidney as a primary target.
• Understanding OTA's molecular mechanisms in the kidney is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent intracellular molecular interactions and signaling pathways in OTA-induced nephrotoxicity.
• To consolidate knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying kidney damage by OTA.
• To identify potential strategies against OTA toxicity.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of recent studies on OTA nephrotoxicity.
• Analysis of molecular pathways including pyroptosis, lipotoxicity, and organic anion transport.
• Examination of cellular processes such as autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system.

Main Results:

• Key molecular players in OTA nephrotoxicity identified: pyroptosis, lipotoxicity, organic anion transporters, autophagy, ubiquitin-proteasome system, and histone acetyltransferase.
• Evidence suggests OTA disrupts cellular homeostasis and induces oxidative stress.
• Various protective strategies reviewed, including ROS reduction, Nrf2 pathway activation, and use of nanoparticles, flavonoids, and metal supplements.

Conclusions:

• OTA-induced nephrotoxicity involves complex intracellular molecular interactions and signaling pathways.
• Targeting these pathways offers potential therapeutic strategies against OTA poisoning.
• Further research into protective agents and mechanisms is warranted.