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The 24-h Movement Compositions in Weekday, Weekend Day or Four-Day Periods Differentially Associate with Fundamental

Clare M P Roscoe1, Michael J Duncan2, Cain C T Clark3

  • 1Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 23, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Weekday physical activity (PA) significantly impacts preschool children's movement skills. Reallocating light PA to other behaviors improved motor competence, especially on weekends.

Area of Science:

  • Child Development
  • Kinesiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Fundamental movement skills (FMS) are crucial for children's physical and cognitive development.
  • Understanding the relationship between 24-hour movement behaviors and FMS is vital for targeted interventions.
  • Low socio-economic status (SES) backgrounds present unique challenges for promoting physical activity (PA) and skill development in preschoolers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between weekday, weekend, and four-day physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) compositions and FMS in preschool children.
  • To explore how reallocating time between different movement behaviors (SB, light PA, MVPA) impacts FMS.
  • To examine these relationships within a low SES population.

Main Methods:

  • Compositional data analysis (CoDA) was used to analyze 24-hour PA and SB data from 185 preschool children (aged 3-4 years).
  • Objective PA and SB data were collected using GENEActiv accelerometers.
  • FMS were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development, 2nd edition (TGMD-2).

Main Results:

  • Weekday PA composition significantly predicted total motor competence, locomotor skills, and object control skills (r²=0.07-0.09, p<0.05).
  • Weekend and four-day PA compositions also predicted FMS, though with smaller effect sizes (r²=0.03-0.07, p<0.05).
  • Reallocating 5 minutes of light PA to any other behavior significantly improved FMS, with moderate-to-vigorous PA being preferential for weekend behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • The time of day and duration of physical activity influence preschool children's fundamental movement skills.
  • Interventions should consider the specific timing of movement behaviors (weekday vs. weekend) to optimize FMS development.
  • Targeted strategies reallocating light PA can enhance motor competence in young children, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds.

Keywords:
compositional data analysisfundamental movement skillsphysical activitypreschool children

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