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Rhinovirus Infection and Familial Atopy Predict Persistent Asthma and Sensitisation 7 Years after a First Episode of

Julie Magnier1, Valérie Julian2, Aurélien Mulliez3

  • 1CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pôle Pédiatrique, Unité d'allergologie de l'enfant, CHU Estaing, 1 Place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 23, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Infants with a first acute bronchiolitis episode, especially males with a family history of atopy and rhinovirus infection, face higher asthma risks. Close monitoring is recommended for early detection and management of childhood asthma.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Allergology

Background:

  • Assessing risk factors for asthma development after a first episode of acute bronchiolitis in infants.
  • Understanding the long-term respiratory health outcomes in early childhood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify predictors of asthma development in infants following acute bronchiolitis.
  • To evaluate the association between early life factors and asthma outcomes at school age.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study of 222 infants with first acute bronchiolitis episode.
  • Clinical assessments at age seven included symptom history, skin prick tests, IgE assays, and respiratory function tests.
  • Analysis of associations between viral infections (human rhinovirus, RSV), family history of atopy, and asthma development.

Main Results:

  • 30.6% of children assessed at age seven had asthma; males were predominant (p=0.033).
  • Family history of atopy correlated with asthma and aeroallergen sensitization (p=0.003, p=0.007).
  • Human rhinovirus (hRV) and hRV/RSV co-infection were linked to asthma (p=0.035, p=0.04); higher eosinophil counts were observed in asthmatics.

Conclusions:

  • Male infants with a first acute bronchiolitis episode caused by hRV and a family history of atopy require close follow-up.
  • These infants exhibit an elevated risk for developing asthma by school age.
  • Early identification of high-risk infants can facilitate timely intervention and management strategies.
Abstract

Keywords:
acute bronchiolitisasthmaatopyrespiratory syncytial virusrhinovirus

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