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Heart Rate Variability Reflects Similar Cardiac Autonomic Function in Explosive and Aerobically Trained Athletes.

Alex Claiborne1, Helaine Alessio1, Eric Slattery1

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Summary

Highly trained athletes across different sports show favorable heart rate variability (HRV), indicating good autonomic function. African American athletes exhibited superior HRV compared to Caucasian athletes, suggesting enhanced cardiovascular health.

Keywords:
HRVaerobicanaerobicautonomictraining

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Autonomic Nervous System Function
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Heart rate variability (HRV) non-invasively assesses autonomic cardiac function.
  • Aerobic training is linked to reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but autonomic function in diverse athlete types remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare cardiac autonomic modulation and CVD risk factors in highly trained intercollegiate athletes from aerobic, explosive, and cross-trained sports.

Main Methods:

  • 176 college athletes were categorized by sport type (explosive, aerobic, mixed).
  • Eight resting HRV measures were analyzed alongside CVD risk factors (blood pressure, body weight, sex, race).

Main Results:

  • All athlete types displayed favorable HRV, correlating with low CVD risk factors and normal sympathovagal balance.
  • Diastolic blood pressure and body weight significantly correlated with specific HRV metrics (pNN50 and LF power, respectively).
  • Significant differences in HRV were observed between Caucasian and African American athletes, with African Americans showing more favorable autonomic profiles.

Conclusions:

  • Despite differences in race, all highly trained athletes exhibited positive autonomic function and HRV.
  • HRV measures are significantly influenced by CVD risk factors like body weight and blood pressure.
  • African American athletes demonstrated superior resting sympathovagal activity compared to Caucasian athletes.