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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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COVID-19 Associated Choroidopathy.

Youssef Abdelmassih1, Georges Azar2, Sophie Bonnin3

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|October 23, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe COVID-19 infection impacts eye vasculature, revealing anomalies in indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and OCT scans. These findings suggest potential direct or indirect SARS-CoV-2 viral involvement in retinal and choroidal vascular damage.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV2indocyanine green angiographyoptical coherence tomography

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Severe COVID-19 infection presents systemic challenges.
  • Ocular complications in COVID-19 patients require further investigation.
  • Understanding vascular changes in severe COVID-19 is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) findings in patients with severe COVID-19.
  • To identify specific retinal and choroidal vascular anomalies associated with severe COVID-19.
  • To explore the potential link between SARS-CoV-2 and ocular vascular pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Observational, prospective, monocentric cohort study.
  • Inclusion of patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19 infection.
  • Utilized ICGA and OCT for ocular vascular assessment.

Main Results:

  • All 14 patients exhibited anomalies on ICGA and OCT.
  • Common ICGA findings included hypofluorescent spots and intervortex shunts.
  • Characteristic "hemangioma-like" lesions were observed in 18% of eyes.
  • OCT revealed focal choroidal thickening and caverns in a significant portion of eyes.
  • Lesions affected both retinal and choroidal vasculature.

Conclusions:

  • Severe COVID-19 infection is associated with widespread ocular vascular anomalies.
  • ICGA and OCT are valuable tools for detecting these vascular changes.
  • Observed lesions suggest potential direct or indirect vascular damage mediated by SARS-CoV-2.