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Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers for Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: Lessons Learned and the Road Ahead
Jesus Hita-Millan1,2, Angel Carracedo1,2,3,4, Ceres Fernandez-Rozadilla1,2
1Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Abstract:
Over the recent years, advances in the development of anti-cancer treatments, particularly the implementation of ICIs (immune checkpoint inhibitors), have resulted in increased survival rates in NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) patients. However, a significant proportion of patients does not seem respond to immunotherapy, and some individuals even develop secondary resistance to treatment. Therefore, it is imperative to correctly identify the patients that will benefit from ICI therapy in order to tailor therapeutic options in an individualised setting, ultimately benefitting both the patient and the health system. Many different biomarkers have been explored to correctly stratify patients and predict response to immunotherapy, but liquid biopsy approaches have recently arisen as an interesting opportunity to predict and monitor treatment response due to their logistic accessibility. This review summarises the current data and efforts in the field of ICI response biomarkers in NSCLC patients and highlights advantages and limitations as we discuss the road to clinical implementation.
Insights
Identifying biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is crucial. Liquid biopsy offers a promising, accessible approach to predict and monitor treatment response in NSCLC patients.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunotherapy
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved survival for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.
- However, many patients do not respond to ICIs, and some develop resistance.
- Accurate patient stratification is essential for personalized and effective treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current biomarkers for predicting ICI response in NSCLC.
- To highlight the potential of liquid biopsy as a predictive and monitoring tool.
- To discuss the clinical implementation challenges and opportunities for ICI biomarkers.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on biomarkers for ICI therapy in NSCLC.
- Analysis of data on various biomarker types, including liquid biopsy approaches.
- Evaluation of the advantages and limitations of different biomarkers.
Main Results:
- Several biomarkers are under investigation for predicting ICI response in NSCLC.
- Liquid biopsy presents a logistically accessible method for predicting and monitoring treatment efficacy.
- Challenges remain in standardizing and validating biomarkers for clinical use.
Conclusions:
- Biomarker-driven patient selection is key to optimizing ICI therapy in NSCLC.
- Liquid biopsy shows significant promise for real-time monitoring and treatment adjustment.
- Further research and validation are needed for widespread clinical adoption of ICI biomarkers.
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